cop) do not exist in Modern Hebrew.Īs a result, it is transliterated as if it were an (o) sound (ex. וֹ ( Vav with holam), סֹ (succeeding letter with cholom) (not used in full spelling) mitt) does not exist in Hebrew.Īs a result, it is always transliterated as if it were an (i) sound (ex. י ( Yud preceded by letter with hirik), (letter with hirik) (not used in full spelling) (letter with segol), (letter with zeire) (more ambiguous) pawn) do not exist in Hebrew.Īs a result, it is transliterated as if it were an (a) sound (ex. hat) does not exist in Hebrew.Īs a result, it is always transliterated as if it were an (a) sound (ex. אַ/אָ ( Alef with kamatz or patach) (Not part of ordinary Hebrew spelling but sometimes used in transliterations) סָ (letter with kamatz), (letter with patah), The picture of the " O" represents whatever Hebrew letter is used. If the word with the "a" sound (such as "a" or "ah"), as in "ta ta", or "spa", it will be treated as an "a".įor full spelling, the niqqud (the "dots") is simply omitted, if partial vowelling is desired, especially for letters like Vav, then the niqqud is retained. The same is the case for an -or ending (pronounced -er), it will also often be transliterated with a vav as well. mom, monitor, soft), will often be transliterated as an "o" vowel, that is, with a vav (ו). For example, any sort of "a" sound written with the letter "o", (ex. Vowels will sometimes be put into Hebrew by their letters, and not by their sounds, even though it is less accurate phonetically. The English pronunciation can be known through prior context. As a result, words such as sit/seat ( /sɪt/ and /siːt/), hat/hut ( /hæt/ and /hʌt/), and cop/cope ( /kɒp/ and /koʊp/) are transliterated as the Hebrew vowels /i/, /a/ and /o/. In comparison, English which has around 12 vowel sounds (5 long, 7 short) depending on dialect. Hebrew has only 5 vowel sounds, with lack of discrimination in Hebrew between long and short vowels. For the most accurate transliteration, below is a table describing the different vowel sounds and their corresponding letters. Sometimes they are just transcribed by the actual English letter, and other times by its actual pronunciation (which also varies). Since vowels are not consistent in English, they are more difficult to transliterate into other languages. Final forms are used in transliteration when appropriate, with the exception of foreign words ending in a sound, which retain the non-final form of פ, such as "קטשופ" ("ketchup"). That means, that the letters' appearances change when they are at the end of words from כ, פ, צ, מ, נ to ך, ף, ץ, ם, ן respectively. תשׂ ( Tav- Sin) (tav-sin not normally used for transliterations) ( full spelling תש)įive letters in Hebrew, Nun, Mem, Tsadi, Pe/Fe, and Kaf, all have final or sofit ( Hebrew: סוֹפִית sofit) forms. תס ( Tav- Samekh) (tav-samekh not normally used for transliterations) ד׳ ( Dalet with geresh) (more accurate (indicates 'th' sound), but not used in general transliterations) ד ( Dalet) (transliterated as a 'd' sound), ת׳ ( Tav with geresh) (more accurate (indicates 'th' sound), but not used in general transliterations) ת ( Tav) (transliterated as a 't' sound), כ ך ( Chaph) (usually in the middle of a word, always at end of a word) ק ( Kuf) (indicates 'k' sound, only used for a direct transliteration) Making a 'k' sound is from the Greek letter Chi which also makes the /x/ sound.), כ ך ( Chaph) (transliterated as an /x/ sound ⓘ (like German CH below), because a 'ch' אֶקְס ( Aleph with segol- Kuf with sh'va- Samekh) ( full spelling אקס)
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